Sunday 27 February 2011

The End of Living - The Beginning of Survival (Chief Seattle)

Answer the following in two or three sentences each:
1. Why does Seattle say that buying their land will not be easy for the Great Chief in Washington?
                   Seattle says that buying their land will not be easy for the Great Chief in Washington, because this land is sacred to them. The shining water in the streams and rivers is the blood of their ancestors.

2. What does Seattle want the white men to teach their children?
                   Seattle wants the white men to teach their children that the land is sacred and that each ghostly reflection in the clear water of the lakes tells of events and memories in the life of his people. The water's murmur is the voice of his father's father.

3. What is the difference in approach between the Native Red Indians and the Whites towards Mother Earth?
                   To the Whiteman, The earth is not brother, but his enemy, and when he has conquered it, he moves on. He treats everything to be bought, plundered, and sold like sheep or bright beads. But the Indian prefers the soft sound of the wind and its smell. The air is precious to the Redman, for all things share the same breath - the beast, the tree, the man.

4. Explain the sarcasm in the words of Seattle when he says 'I am a savage and do not understand'.
                    When Seattle says that he is a savage, he means that the Whiteman is a savage and he does not understand the sacred earth, trees, rivers, sky, and the beasts and birds, there is no quiet place in the Whiteman’s cities. He does not seem to notice the air he breathes, and like a man dying for many days, he is numb to the stench.

5. What are the conditions laid by Seattle to sell his land to the Great Chief?
                    The Great Chief must keep the land apart and sacred, as a place where the white man can go taste the wind. The Whiteman must treat the beasts of this land as his brothers. He must teach his children that the earth is the Redman’s mother.

Answer the following questions in 100 words each :
1. Comment on the Red Indian's Criticism of the white settler's treatment of Mother Earth?
                     Speaking on behalf of the Red Indian's Seattle criticisms the Whiteman’s attitude towards Mother earth. The Whiteman leaves his father's grave behind. He kidnaps the earth from his children. The earth is not his brother, but his enemy. His appetite devours the earth and leaves behind only a desert. He forget his father's grave and his children's birth right. He treats his mother, the earth, and his brother, the sky as things to be bought, plundered, sold like sheep, or bright beads. There is no quiet place in the Whiteman’s cities. There is no place to hear the unfurling of leaves in spring, or the rustle of an insect's wings. The Whiteman does not seem to notice the air he breathes. Like a dying man, he is insensitive to the stench.

2. What are the two world views on environment reflected in the speech of Seattle?
                      The speech of Seattle brings out the two world views on environment which are diametrically opposed to each other. The white settler is a representative of western outlook on environment which place man above everything. it is the anthropocentric or human centered concept of ecology. According to this theory living being and the nonliving exist for the sake of man. In other words, it is the concept of shallow ecology that the white hold on to. On the other hand, the Red Indian speaks through the author. Seattle strongly advocates the theory of all inclusiveness or the concept of Deep Ecology. He says, "For whatever happens to the beasts, soon happens to man. All things are connected". He asks the white settlers to teach their children that the earth is our mother. Again, "the earth does not belong to man; man belongs to the earth...... all things are connected". This is a direct and convincing affirmation that both the Redman and the white man are the son s of God. Hence they are brothers.

Answer this question in about 300 words
 Seattle's speech calls for the need to arrive at a consensus in favour of ' sustainable development' which will ensure social justice without destroying our ecosystem. Discuss. ?
                       The speech of Seattle brings out the two world views on environment - shallow ecology and deep ecology. The western concept of anthropocentric ecology is not conducive to sustainable development. The author strongly advocates an all- inclusive approach to ecology which is the deep ecology. The chief from Washington who wants to buy the Redman’s land does not care for the sanctity of the Mother Earth. The Redman wants the white settler to teach his children certain lessons about the earth and certain values to be followed by them. The Redman is ready to sell his land on certain conditions - conditions which are essential for sustainable development ensuring social development without destroying our ecosystem.
                        Speaking on behalf of the Red Indians, Seattle criticises the white man's attitude towards mother earth. The Whiteman leaves his father's grave behind. He kidnaps the earth from his children. The earth is not his brother, but his enemy. His appetite devours the earth and leaves behind only a desert. He forgets his father’s his father's grave and his children's birth right. He treats his mother, the earth, and his brother, the sky as things to be bought, plundered, sold like sheep, or bright beads. There is no quiet place in the Whiteman’s cities. There is no place to hear the unfurling of leaves in spring, or the rustle of an insect's wings. The Whiteman does not seem to notice the air he breathes. Like a dying man, he is insensitive to the stench.
                        Seattle tells the agent of the Great Chief from Washington that he is willing to sell the land, but it is not easy. The Whiteman must remember that the air is precious to the Redman, that the air shares its spirit with all the life it supports. The Redman is ready to sell his land to the Whiteman on condition that it be kept apart and sacred as a place where even the white man can go taste the wind that is sweetened by the meadow's flowers. Further, the Whiteman must treat the beasts of this land as his brothers, because all things are connected. Whatever befalls the earth befalls the sons of the earth. If men spit upon the ground, they spit upon themselves. The earth does not belong to man. man belongs to the earth. All things are connected like the blood which unites one family.
                        The bold declarations that Seattle makes in his speech emphasis the point that every living and non - living on this earth, the air, the sky, the rivers, the lakes the sky are interconnected and interdependent. One cannot exist at the cost of the other. By exploiting the resources of the earth beyond a certain limit which will be detrimental to the very survival of the earth and the future generations will be harmful. It is not development. It is destroying our ecology. Sustainable development is possible if we are ready to follow a policy of preservation of our environment.

No comments: