Answer the following questions in two or three sentences each :
1. How does Ambedkar answer to the complaint that there has been inordinate delay in the drafting of the constitution ?
Refuting the charge that there has been inordinate delay in the drafting of the constitution. Ambedkar refers to the size of the constitution of America, Canada and South Africa which are much smaller than India's. Secondly these countries did not have to face the problem of amendments. They were passed as moved. the Constituent Assembly of India had to deal with about 2,473 amendments.
2. How does he reply to the charge that the Drafting Committee was a 'drifting committee' ?
Ambedkar replies to the charge of Mr. Naziruddin that the Drafting Committee was a drifting Committee by pointing out that the committee was never drifting without mastery over the situation. It knew its business well. To be in search of something better is not the same as drifting.
3. what were the factors that helped the task of the Drafting Committee easier ?
The task of the Drafting Committee was made easier because of the co-operation and hard work rendered by great scholars like Sir B.N. Rau, the members of the Drafting Committee, Mr. S.N. Mukherjee, the chief Draftsman of the Constitution. Ambedkar praises the work done by the members of the staff working under him.
4. Who were the rebels in the Constituent Assembly ? Why is Ambedkar grateful to them ?
The rebels were Mr. Kamath, Dr. P.S. Deshmukh, Mr. Sidhva, Prof. Saksena, Pandit Thakur Das Bharagava, Prof. K.T. Shah and Pandit Hirday Nath Kunzru. Mr. Ambedkar is grateful to them because their suggestions were valuable and served to enliven the proceeding of Assembly.
5. Why does Ambedkar say ' I shall not therefore enter into the merits of the Constitution' ?
Ambedkar feels that however good a Constitution may be it is sure to turn out bad because those who are called to work it, happen to be a bad lot. On the other hand, a bad Constitution will turn out to be good if those who are called out to work it, happen to be a good lot. Thus the working of the Constitution does not depend wholly upon the nature of the constitution.
6. What are the main grounds on which the Constitution is being condemned ?
According to Ambedkar, the communists condemn the constitution because it is based upon Parliamentary Democracy. The socialists condemn it because they want the authority to nationalise all private property without payment of compensation. They also want the Constitution absolute and without any limitations so that they would have the unlimited freedom to overthrow the state if they fail to come to power
7. What are Ambedkar's justifications for giving the centre certain overloading powers to be used in an emergency ?
The residual loyalty of the citizen in an emergency must be to the centre and not to the constitution states. It is because only the cenrtre can work for a common end for the general interests of the country as a whole. Besides, in an emergency, they should take into constitution, alongside their own local interests, the opinions and interests of the Nation as a whole.
Answer the following questions in about 100 words each :
1. How does Ambedkar express his gratitude to the compliments showered upon him ?
Dr. Ambedkar expresses his deepest gratitude to the members of the Constitution Assembly and the members of the Drafting Committee for the work they have rendered in shaping the constitution. He came to the Assembly with a view to safeguard the interests of the Scheduled castes. He was surprised to see that he was elected to the Drafting committee and that he was elected to be its Chairman. He showers praises on sir Alladi Krishnaswamy ayyar and such competent men who were members of the committee and the Assembly. he is grateful to both the bodies for reposing in him so much trust and confidence and in giving him an opportunity of serving the country. the credit does not wholly belong to him. It belong partly to sir. B.N. Rau, the constitutional Adviser to the Assembly and to the members of the drafting committee. he admits that greater share of the credit is to mr. S.N. Mukherjee, the chief Draftsman of the constitution.
2. What was Anbedkar's reply to the charge that there was too much centralization and the states have been reduced to municipalities ?
In reply tho the charge that there was too much centralization and that the states have been reduced to municipalities, Ambedkar says that this view is not only an exaggeration, but is also founded on a misunderstanding of the provisions of the constitution. the basic principle of Federalism is that the Legislative and executive authority is partitioned between the centre and the states by the constitution itself. The states are not in any way dependent upon the centre for their legislative and executive authority. The centre and the states are co-equal in this matter. The centre cannot after this partition, nor can the Judiciary. Courts can modify, but cannot replace. They can revise earlier interpretations on new evidences and arguments, but there are certain barriers they cannot pass. The charge that the centre has been given overloading powers is also unfounded, because the centre enjoys such powers in emergencies only.
3. What are Anbedkar's apprehensions about that future of India ?
On 26 January 1950, India will be a Republic. Ambedkar expresses his apprehensions whether India will be able to keep up her independence or will she lose it once again? once India lost it by the infidelity and treachery of some of her own people. the invasions of Sind by mohammed Bib-Kasim, Mohammed Ghori and the Moghul emperors were facilitated by Indian chieftains, Again in 1857, the first war of Independence was defeated by Indians as they remained mere spectators. in the place of these traitors, the Independent India has many political parties. Ambedkar is not sure if these parties place creed above the country. The democratic government must be for the people. If it is not so, there is danger of our new-born Republic giving place to dictatorship.
4. What are the speaker's view on India's democratic tradition ?
Dr. Ambedkar points out that India had been a democracy. There was a time when India was studded with Republics. there were monarchies either elected or limited in India. They were never absolute. India knew parliaments or parliamentary procedure. The Budhist Bhikshu Sanghas were nothing but parliaments. they knew and observed all the rules of Parliamentary procedure known to modern times. They had rules regarding seating arrangements, rules regarding motions, Resolutions, res Judicata etc.Although these rules of Parliamentary Procedure were applied by the Budha to the meetings of the Sanghas, he must have borrowed them from the rules of the Political Assemblies functioning in the country in his time.
Essay Question
According to Ambedkar, what all must be done to sustain democracy in India safeguarding the principles of Liberty, equality and fraternity ?
Dr. Ambedkar warns us that there is the possibility of India slipping back to dictatorship if we are not vigilant. Democracy must be maintained not merely in form, but also in fact. He proposes a number of steps in order to achieve this end.
We must hold fast to constitutional methods of achieving our social and economic objectives. We must abandon the methods of civil disobedience, non-cooperation and Satyagraha. As there are constitutional means to achieve our goals, there is no justification for resorting to unconstitutional means. these unconstitutional methods are nothing but the 'grammar of anarchy'.
The second thing is to give up the natural tendency of Indians to indulge in political hero-worship. The political hero who is so worshiped, is sure to subvert their institutions. there is nothing wrong in being grateful to the great men who have rendered life-long service to the country. but there should be certain limits to that gratefulness. As Daniel O'Connel has said no Nation can be grateful at the cost of its liberty. Bhakti in religion may be good for salvation of the soul. But in politics, bhakti or heroworship is a sure road to degradation and eventual dictatorship.
The third thing is that apart from political democracy, there should be social democracy. Political democracy cannot succeed if it is not sipported by Social Democracy. It recognises liberty, equality and fratenity as the principles of life. These tenets are not separate, but they very purpose of democracy. The most glaring is the absence of equality in Indian society. The Indian society is based on the principles of graded inequality. A microscopic minority amasses immense wealth while the majority live in abject poverty. In politics, we have one man one vote and one vote one value. But this principle is subverted in economic life. "We must remove this contradiction at the earliest possible moment or else those who suffer from inequality will blow up the structure of political democracy........"
The next point is the inculcation of national feeling in Indians. The most formidable barrier is the existence of caste system. The castes are anti national. They bring about separation in social life.
The political power in India has long been in the hands of a few. this must change. the many are not only beasts of burden but also beasts of prey. The down trodden classes are tried of being governed. They are impatient to govern themselves.
These words of Ambedkar have proved to be prophetic. The absence of equality, the prevalence of casteism, the monopoly of political power in the hands of a few have already fuelled all anti national elements in the present day India which call for urgent remedial measures.
1. How does Ambedkar answer to the complaint that there has been inordinate delay in the drafting of the constitution ?
Refuting the charge that there has been inordinate delay in the drafting of the constitution. Ambedkar refers to the size of the constitution of America, Canada and South Africa which are much smaller than India's. Secondly these countries did not have to face the problem of amendments. They were passed as moved. the Constituent Assembly of India had to deal with about 2,473 amendments.
2. How does he reply to the charge that the Drafting Committee was a 'drifting committee' ?
Ambedkar replies to the charge of Mr. Naziruddin that the Drafting Committee was a drifting Committee by pointing out that the committee was never drifting without mastery over the situation. It knew its business well. To be in search of something better is not the same as drifting.
3. what were the factors that helped the task of the Drafting Committee easier ?
The task of the Drafting Committee was made easier because of the co-operation and hard work rendered by great scholars like Sir B.N. Rau, the members of the Drafting Committee, Mr. S.N. Mukherjee, the chief Draftsman of the Constitution. Ambedkar praises the work done by the members of the staff working under him.
4. Who were the rebels in the Constituent Assembly ? Why is Ambedkar grateful to them ?
The rebels were Mr. Kamath, Dr. P.S. Deshmukh, Mr. Sidhva, Prof. Saksena, Pandit Thakur Das Bharagava, Prof. K.T. Shah and Pandit Hirday Nath Kunzru. Mr. Ambedkar is grateful to them because their suggestions were valuable and served to enliven the proceeding of Assembly.
5. Why does Ambedkar say ' I shall not therefore enter into the merits of the Constitution' ?
Ambedkar feels that however good a Constitution may be it is sure to turn out bad because those who are called to work it, happen to be a bad lot. On the other hand, a bad Constitution will turn out to be good if those who are called out to work it, happen to be a good lot. Thus the working of the Constitution does not depend wholly upon the nature of the constitution.
6. What are the main grounds on which the Constitution is being condemned ?
According to Ambedkar, the communists condemn the constitution because it is based upon Parliamentary Democracy. The socialists condemn it because they want the authority to nationalise all private property without payment of compensation. They also want the Constitution absolute and without any limitations so that they would have the unlimited freedom to overthrow the state if they fail to come to power
7. What are Ambedkar's justifications for giving the centre certain overloading powers to be used in an emergency ?
The residual loyalty of the citizen in an emergency must be to the centre and not to the constitution states. It is because only the cenrtre can work for a common end for the general interests of the country as a whole. Besides, in an emergency, they should take into constitution, alongside their own local interests, the opinions and interests of the Nation as a whole.
Answer the following questions in about 100 words each :
1. How does Ambedkar express his gratitude to the compliments showered upon him ?
Dr. Ambedkar expresses his deepest gratitude to the members of the Constitution Assembly and the members of the Drafting Committee for the work they have rendered in shaping the constitution. He came to the Assembly with a view to safeguard the interests of the Scheduled castes. He was surprised to see that he was elected to the Drafting committee and that he was elected to be its Chairman. He showers praises on sir Alladi Krishnaswamy ayyar and such competent men who were members of the committee and the Assembly. he is grateful to both the bodies for reposing in him so much trust and confidence and in giving him an opportunity of serving the country. the credit does not wholly belong to him. It belong partly to sir. B.N. Rau, the constitutional Adviser to the Assembly and to the members of the drafting committee. he admits that greater share of the credit is to mr. S.N. Mukherjee, the chief Draftsman of the constitution.
2. What was Anbedkar's reply to the charge that there was too much centralization and the states have been reduced to municipalities ?
In reply tho the charge that there was too much centralization and that the states have been reduced to municipalities, Ambedkar says that this view is not only an exaggeration, but is also founded on a misunderstanding of the provisions of the constitution. the basic principle of Federalism is that the Legislative and executive authority is partitioned between the centre and the states by the constitution itself. The states are not in any way dependent upon the centre for their legislative and executive authority. The centre and the states are co-equal in this matter. The centre cannot after this partition, nor can the Judiciary. Courts can modify, but cannot replace. They can revise earlier interpretations on new evidences and arguments, but there are certain barriers they cannot pass. The charge that the centre has been given overloading powers is also unfounded, because the centre enjoys such powers in emergencies only.
3. What are Anbedkar's apprehensions about that future of India ?
On 26 January 1950, India will be a Republic. Ambedkar expresses his apprehensions whether India will be able to keep up her independence or will she lose it once again? once India lost it by the infidelity and treachery of some of her own people. the invasions of Sind by mohammed Bib-Kasim, Mohammed Ghori and the Moghul emperors were facilitated by Indian chieftains, Again in 1857, the first war of Independence was defeated by Indians as they remained mere spectators. in the place of these traitors, the Independent India has many political parties. Ambedkar is not sure if these parties place creed above the country. The democratic government must be for the people. If it is not so, there is danger of our new-born Republic giving place to dictatorship.
4. What are the speaker's view on India's democratic tradition ?
Dr. Ambedkar points out that India had been a democracy. There was a time when India was studded with Republics. there were monarchies either elected or limited in India. They were never absolute. India knew parliaments or parliamentary procedure. The Budhist Bhikshu Sanghas were nothing but parliaments. they knew and observed all the rules of Parliamentary procedure known to modern times. They had rules regarding seating arrangements, rules regarding motions, Resolutions, res Judicata etc.Although these rules of Parliamentary Procedure were applied by the Budha to the meetings of the Sanghas, he must have borrowed them from the rules of the Political Assemblies functioning in the country in his time.
Essay Question
According to Ambedkar, what all must be done to sustain democracy in India safeguarding the principles of Liberty, equality and fraternity ?
Dr. Ambedkar warns us that there is the possibility of India slipping back to dictatorship if we are not vigilant. Democracy must be maintained not merely in form, but also in fact. He proposes a number of steps in order to achieve this end.
We must hold fast to constitutional methods of achieving our social and economic objectives. We must abandon the methods of civil disobedience, non-cooperation and Satyagraha. As there are constitutional means to achieve our goals, there is no justification for resorting to unconstitutional means. these unconstitutional methods are nothing but the 'grammar of anarchy'.
The second thing is to give up the natural tendency of Indians to indulge in political hero-worship. The political hero who is so worshiped, is sure to subvert their institutions. there is nothing wrong in being grateful to the great men who have rendered life-long service to the country. but there should be certain limits to that gratefulness. As Daniel O'Connel has said no Nation can be grateful at the cost of its liberty. Bhakti in religion may be good for salvation of the soul. But in politics, bhakti or heroworship is a sure road to degradation and eventual dictatorship.
The third thing is that apart from political democracy, there should be social democracy. Political democracy cannot succeed if it is not sipported by Social Democracy. It recognises liberty, equality and fratenity as the principles of life. These tenets are not separate, but they very purpose of democracy. The most glaring is the absence of equality in Indian society. The Indian society is based on the principles of graded inequality. A microscopic minority amasses immense wealth while the majority live in abject poverty. In politics, we have one man one vote and one vote one value. But this principle is subverted in economic life. "We must remove this contradiction at the earliest possible moment or else those who suffer from inequality will blow up the structure of political democracy........"
The next point is the inculcation of national feeling in Indians. The most formidable barrier is the existence of caste system. The castes are anti national. They bring about separation in social life.
The political power in India has long been in the hands of a few. this must change. the many are not only beasts of burden but also beasts of prey. The down trodden classes are tried of being governed. They are impatient to govern themselves.
These words of Ambedkar have proved to be prophetic. The absence of equality, the prevalence of casteism, the monopoly of political power in the hands of a few have already fuelled all anti national elements in the present day India which call for urgent remedial measures.
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